Mary claims that she didn't make a phone call from her office to a competitor and tell them about developments her company is working on. Telephone logs, however, show that such a call was placed from her phone, and time clock records show she was the only person working at the time. What do these records provide?
a. Integrity
b. Confidentiality
c. Authentication
d. Non-repudiation
Answer: D
Non-repudiation offers undisputable proof that a party was involved in an action.